2 The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stated that specific signs and symptoms of COPD include persistent breathing difficulty caused by damage to the airway and alveoli.
In terms of pathology, COPD is chronic, irreversible, and slowly worsens over time. Basic Health Research has shown that of a sample of over one million, over 500,000 suffered from COPD, and 2.7% lived in DKI Jakarta. This is due to smoking behavior and industrial development, which increases air pollution and creates an unhealthy environment.
1 The WHO has predicted that in 2020, COPD will be the third cause of morbidity and mortality in developed or developing countries. 1 In 2015, an estimated 3.17 million people died due to COPD. The journal is included in National Library of Medicine/Pubmed/Medline, Scopus/SCImago Journal Rank(SJR), Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) (Clarivate Analytics), CINHAL, Elsevier Bibliographic Databases, EBSCO Publishing, Biblioteca Nacional de Ciencias de la Salud, CSIC/IME, IBECS, Latindex, CUIDEN, Dialnet, Google Scholar Metrics.Ĭhronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a disease that results in decreased airflow. There is also an Evidence-Based Nursing section that includes two kinds of articles: comments about original articles of special interest written by experts, and evidence synthesis articles based on bibliographic reviews. These objective is pursued throughout the different sections that comprise the Journal: Original Articles and Short Original Articles, Reviews, Patient Care and Letters to the Editor. Its objectives are to promote the dissemination of knowledge, promote the development of evidence in care and contribute to the integration of research in clinical practice. It is the only Spanish nursing journal that mainly publishes original research. Enfermería Clínica is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that is a useful and necessary tool for nurses from the different areas of nursing (healthcare, administration, education and research) as well as for healthcare professionals involved in caring for persons, families and the community.
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